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  • Staining is dependent on antibody quality and epitope expression levels.
  • Endogenous pigment can interfere with analysis in bright field imaging (melanin, carbon, tattoo, haemosiderin). We recommend choosing an appropriate coloured chromogen.
  • Targets where there is a validated clinical grade antibody will show better results.
  • Cell localised targets, rather than connective tissue or stroma localised tissue, will often give better analysis results.